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In Western musical notation, a dotted note is a note with a small dot written after it. In modern practice the first dot increases the duration of the basic note by half of its original value. A dotted note is equivalent to writing the basic note tied to a note of half the value; or with more than one dot, tied to notes of progressively halved value.〔Gardner Read, ''Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice'' 2nd Edition. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, Inc. (1969): 114, Example 8-11; 116, Example 8-18; 117, Example 8-20.〕 The length of any given note ''a'' with ''n'' dots is therefore given by the geometric series . More than three dots are highly uncommon but theoretically possible;〔Bussler, Ludwig (1890). ''Elements of Notation and Harmony'', p. 14. 2010 edition: ISBN 1-152-45236-3.〕 only quadruple dots have been attested.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Extremes of Conventional Music Notation )〕 A rhythm using longer notes alternating with shorter notes (whether notated with dots or not) is sometimes called a dotted rhythm. Historical examples of music performance styles using dotted rhythm include notes inégales and swing. The precise performance of dotted rhythms can be a complex issue. Even in notation that includes dots, their performed values may be longer than the dot mathematically indicates, a practice known as over-dotting. ==Notation== If the note to be dotted is on a space, the dot also goes on the space, while if the note is on a line, the dot goes on the space above (this also goes for notes on ledger lines).〔Glen Rosencrans, ''Music Notation Primer''. New York: Passantino (1979): 29〕 However, if a dotted note on a line is part of a chord where a higher note is also on a line, the dot for the lower note is placed in the space below: 14px 〔Ted Ross. ''Teach Yourself The Art of Music Engraving & Processing'' Hansen Books, Florida.〕 The dots on dotted notes, which are located to the right of the note, are not to be confused with the dots which indicate staccato articulation, which are located above or below the note as shown in the 3rd and 4th notes of Example 2. Theoretically, any note value can be dotted, as can rests of any value. If the rest is in its normal position, dots are always placed in third staff space from the bottom.〔Read (1969): 119; 120, Example 8-28. The author points out the obvious fact "that it is impossible to tie rests."〕 The use of a dot for augmentation of a note dates back at least to the 10th century, although the exact amount of augmentation is disputed; see Neume. Dots can be used across barlines, such as in H. C. Robbins Landon's edition of Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 70 in D major, but most writers today regard this usage as obsolete and recommend using a tie across the barline instead.〔Read (1969): 117–118. "Ranging from Renaissance madrigals to the keyboard works of Johannes Brahms, one often finds such a notation as the one at the left below." (The next page shows an example labeled "older notation" of two measures of music in 4/4 of which the second measure contains, in order: an augmentation dot, a quarter note and a half note.〕 More than one dot may be added; each dot adds half of the duration added by the previous dot, as shown in example 1. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dotted note」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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